Tangem Wallet Pack of 2 - Secure Crypto Wallet - Trusted Cold Storage for Bitcoin, Ethereum, NFT's &

Tangem Wallet Pack of 2 - Secure Crypto Wallet - Trusted Cold Storage for Bitcoin, Ethereum, NFT's &
Key item features Ultimate Security: Generates a private key that remains on the card, safeguarding crypto and NFTs from hackers with EAL6+ certification and audited firmware. Versatile Compatibility: Manages over 13,000 tokens across 70+ blockchains, supporting DeFi, NFTs, and DeEx without wires, Bluetooth, or USB. Effortless Operation: Utilizes NFC for secure transactions via a mobile device and the Tangem app, enabling buying and selling crypto with various payment methods. Smart Backup: Features a second Tangem Wallet as a backup, eliminating the need for paper, pictures, or seed phrases for recovery. Durable Design: Boasts IP68 protection against environmental conditions, ensuring longevity and robust physical security. Comprehensive Support: Compatible with Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, XRP, USDT, and over 6,000 cryptocurrencies, integrating with dApps and WalletConnect.

LBANK

LBANK

How could Bitcoin be upgraded in order to defend against network delay attacks and network partition?

Increasing block emission rate or block size decreases the security of Bitcoin by increasing its fork rate. For the Nakamoto consensus to be secure the following assumption must hold true:

D * block_emission_rate << 1

where << mean much smaller, and D is network delay in seconds. block_emission_rate for Bitcoin is about 0.00166 blocks/second.

Thus for Bitcoin to be secure the network delay must be much lower than 600 seconds. Sompolinski et al. write about a solution for block-DAGs of locally defining a maximum latency that can be caused by an attacker:

That is, even if messages currently propagate fully within 1 or 2 seconds, if an attacker may disrupt the network and cause messages to take up to 30 seconds to go through, 𝐷 should be set by the client to 30 seconds.

Couldn't the parameters such as block_emission_rate and perhaps even the block size be adjusted locally and automatically as a function of the stale block rate rate? Are fully asynchronous consensus mechanisms the only defence against network delay attacks and network partition??



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